Cadmium can also be removed by coagulation, precipitation, and filtration treatment when pH is raised. It can also be removed as a part of a lime softening process. Reverse osmosis systems can effectively reduce all ionic species of cadmium by 92-98 percent of the influent concentration for influent water concentrations up to at least ten times greater than the MCL when operated at pressures greater than 50 psi and at temperatures between 40° and 85° F. There are several types of membrane materials in use. Acceptable operating conditions for each type are different. Care must be taken to ensure that operating conditions for the specific membrane material are adhered to, especially feed water pH, particulates, and oxidants, to maintain effectiveness. Periodic testing for percent rejection should be performed. Another effective means of reducing cadmium is distillation. Precipitated and insoluble species of cadmium that may exist in some waters can be reduced with filtration that effectively removes particles of 0.5 microns in size. Water sampling and analysis, using recognized analytical procedures to verify performance, are recommended to assure that the MCL of 0.005 mg/L can be met by the water treatment system at all operating conditions. The treatment methods listed herein are generally recognized as techniques that can effectively reduce the listed contaminants sufficiently to meet or exceed the relevant MCL. However, this list does not reflect the fact that point-of-use/point-of-entry (POU/POE) devices and systems currently on the market may differ widely in their effectiveness in treating specific contaminants, and performance may vary from application to application. Therefore, selection of a particular device or system for health contaminant reduction should be made only after careful investigation of its performance capabilities based on results from competent equipment validation testing for the specific contaminant to be reduced. As part of point-of-entry treatment system installation procedures, system performance characteristics should be verified by tests conducted under established test procedures and water analysis. Thereafter, the resulting water should be monitored periodically to verify continued performance. The application of the water treatment equipment must be controlled diligently to ensure that acceptable feed water conditions and equipment capacity are not exceeded. Who do I need to contact to find out more information about water quality in my area? Every community water supplier must provide an annual report to its customers, known as a Consumer Confidence Report (CCR). The report provides information on your local drinking water quality, including the water’s source, contaminants found in the water, and how consumers can get involved in protecting drinking water. How often does the local public water system preform drinking water testing? Frequency of drinking water testing depends on the number of people served, the type of water source, and types of contaminants. Certain contaminants are tested more frequently than others, as established by the Safe Drinking Water Act. You can find out about levels of regulated contaminants in your treated water for the previous calendar year in your annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR).